فرمت فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته چیست؟
فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته یک استاندارد پیشرفته برای فشرده سازی فیلم است که می تواند کیفیت بصری شگفت انگیزی با صرفه جویی ۵۰ درصدی در بیت ریت ایجاد کند. دوربین های مدار بسته نیز از این نوع فشرده سازی استفاده می کنند. فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته به عنوان جانشین H.264، فشرده ساز ویدئویی با بازده بالا بوده و با ۵۰ درصد صرفه جویی در بیت ریت، کیفیتی معادل با H.264 / AVC ارائه می دهد. به عنوان مثال، فیلم های رمزگذاری شده در پروفایل DivX HEVC درون کانورتر، کیفیت بالای پروفایل DivX Plus را در اندازه پرونده کوچک تر حفظ می کنند. HEVC برای پخش ویدئو با کیفیت بالا حتی در محیط های شبکه متراکم حیاتی است و یک عامل محرک در تحویل محتوای ۴K به نمایشگرهای ۴K/Ultra HD است.
چرا باید از فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته استفاده کرد؟
اگر با کدک های ویدئویی و فشرده سازی دوربین های امنیتی آشنا هستید، با H.264 که به AVC نیز معروف است آشنا هستید. H.264 پرکاربرد ترین کدک ویدئویی در سیستم های دوربین مدار بسته است. اما فشرده ساز H.265 یک کدک دیگری است که به آرامی در حال محبوب شدن در سیستم های دوربین مداربسته است.
فشرده ساز H.265، همچنین به عنوان HEVC برای کدگذاری ویدئو با بازده بالا شناخته شده و آخرین استاندارد فشرده سازی فیلم در خانواده MPEG است. به این منظور، تیمی مشترک برای عملکرد دو برابر فشرده سازی در زمینه کدگذاری ویدئو (JCT-VC) ایجاد شده است که جهت ارتقا و گسترش کدک H.264 / AVC، طراحی شده است.
اهمیت فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته
اساساً، H.265 می تواند یک فایل ویدیویی را تقریباً به نیمی از اندازه پرونده H.264 تقریبا ۴۰ تا ۵۰٪ کوچکتر فشرده کند و در عین حال کیفیت فیلم را حفظ کند. اگر اندازه پرونده و میزان بیت ریت آن یکسان باشد، کیفیت فیلم بسیار بالاتر خواهد بود. این امر به ویژه در دنیایی که فیلم های با رزولوشن بالا مثلا ۱۰۸۰p و ۴k به طور فزاینده ای رایج شده اند و سرعت و کارایی داده ها حیاتی هستند، بسیار مفید است.
H.265 با استفاده از پیش بینی حرکت، به این کیفیت تصویر دست می یابد و با اینکه H.264 نیز از پیش بینی حرکت استفاده می کند. H.265 می تواند از بلوک های ماکروی بسیار بزرگتر ۶۴×۶۴ پیکسلی، در مقابل ۱۶×۱۶ پیکسلیH.264 استفاده کند. این باعث می شود H.265 کارآمدتر باشد زیرا برای رمزگذاری تصویر یکسان به اطلاعات کمتری نیاز دارد و همچنین پیش بینی بهبود یافته تری برای هر تصویر ایجاد کرده، یک تصویر صاف تر با داده های کمتر و ادغام منطقه حرکت بهتر ایجاد می کند.
فشرده سازی H.265+ در دوربین مدار بسته
H.265 یا HVEC همچنین شامل Adaptive Motion Vector Prediction است که به رمزگذاری بردار های حرکتی در ۳۵ جهت داخل تصویر کمک می کند. برخلاف H.264 که فقط دارای ۹ جهت داخل تصویری است. H.265 همچنین دارای فیلتر رفع انسداد و Sample Adaptive Offset است.
مانند نسخه قبلی H.264، H.265 فشرده ساز قادر است از رزولوشن های ۸۱۹۲×۴۳۲۰ از جمله ۴k UHD پشتیبانی کند و تقریباً برای هر کاربردی قابل استفاده است و برای استفاده در دوربین های مدار بسته و سیستم های نظارتی، بسیار عالی است.
مانند H.264 و MPEG-2، HEVC یا H.265 نیز از سه نوع فریم I، B و P در گروهی از تصاویر استفاده می کند که شامل عناصر فشرده سازی درون قاب و درون فریم است. HEVC شامل پیشرفت های بی شماری مانند بلوک های کدگذاری شده مدل درختی است. ما می دانیم که H.264 از ماکروبلاک هایی با حداکثر اندازه ۱۶×۱۶ استفاده می کند، HEVC از بلوک های کدگذاری شده مدل درختی یا CTB با حداکثر اندازه ۶۴×۶۴ پیکسل استفاده می کند. اندازه های بزرگتر بلوک هنگام رمزگذاری اندازه های بزرگتر قاب، مانند وضوح ۴K، کارآمدتر هستند که در شکل زیر نشان داده شده است:
- در شکل بالا نشان داده شده است که اندازه بلوک های بزرگتر کارایی رمزگذاری را افزایش می دهد.
- جهت های پیش بینی بیشتر: ۲۶۴ از ۹ جهت پیش بینی استفاده می کند این در حالی است که HEVC می تواند از بیش از ۳۵ مورد استفاده کند، بلوک های پیکسل مرجع بالقوه بیشتری را اضافه می کند و فشرده سازی درون فریم کارآمدتری را تأمین می کند که این درهزینه و زمان رمزگذاری باعث صرفه جویی می شود.
مزایای استفاده از فشرده سازی H.265+
از آنجا که H.265 بسیار کارآمدتر از سایر کدک ها است، با حفظ کیفیت فیلم یکسان، پهنای باند کمتر و فضای ذخیره سازی بسیار کمتری را بر روی هارد دیسک اشغال می کند. شما قادر خواهید بود فیلم های نظارتی بسیار بیشتری را در فضای کمتری با تصاویر و فیلم های واضح تر به صورت هم زمان ذخیره کنید و می توانید با استفاده از ضبط و ذخیره سازی بصورت ابری، نیاز به سخت افزار فیزیکی را از بین ببرید که می تواند به صرفه جویی در هزینه های کلان، افزایش کارایی و نگهداری کمتر در زیرساخت های سیستم IP منجر شود.
معایب استفاده از فشرده سازی H.265+
H.265 با اینکه کیفیت و عملکرد فیلم را هنگام فشرده سازی فیلم بسیار بهبود یافته ارائه می دهد، اما هنگام استفاده از آن برای استفاده در سیستم نظارت تصویری، اشکالاتی وجود دارد.
اولین مسئله، سازگاری پخش است. در حالی که تقریباً هر پخش کننده ویدیوی معمولی از H.264 پشتیبانی می کند، تعداد زیادی از پلییرهای معمول هنوز از H.265 پشتیبانی نمی کنند و این امر، پخش را در بسیاری از سیستم عامل ها دشوار می کند. با اینکه چند پلییر منتخب از جمله VLC، پخش H.265 را ارائه می دهند و با وجود اینکه H.265 چندین سال است که منتشر شده است اما هنوز کدک بسیار محبوبی نیست.
اکثر شرکت هایی که از فشرده سازی H.265 در دوربین ها و سیستم های خود استفاده می کنند شامل پخش کننده یا پلییر اختصاصی سازگار با H.265 هستند که به شما امکان می دهد با استفاده از کدک، فایل ها را باز و مشاهده کنید. انتقال فایل های ویدئویی به یک رایانه یا درایو دیگر بدون پلییر، با این وجود می تواند منجر به مشکلات عدم سازگاری شود چون بسیاری از مرورگرها مانند Chrome، Firefox و غیره از قالب پشتیبانی نمی کنند.
H.265 همچنین سخت افزار بیشتری دارد و به پردازش بیشتر برای رمزگشایی و پخش فیلم نسبت به سایر کدک ها نیاز دارد همچنین، پردازنده ها و کارت گرافیک های سریعتری را می طلبد و فقط دوربین های IP طراحی شده برای استفاده با H.265 با پردازنده های سریعتر و قدرتمندتر امکان استفاده از آن را دارند.
نتیجه گیری
اینکه سیستم دوربین H.265 برای محل کار یا خانه شما مناسب است یا نه به عوامل مختلفی از جمله بودجه، نیاز به وضوح دوربین و سخت افزار بستگی دارد. اگر می خواهید مقدار زیادی فیلم با کیفیت بالا و با وضوح بالا ضبط و ذخیره کنید در حالی که هر گونه افت کیفیت را به حداقل برسانید، ممکن است ارزش سرمایه گذاری را داشته باشد؛ اما اگر ویدیویی با هزینه کم می خواهید و وضوح پایین برایتان خیلی مهم نیست و شما می خواهید پخش تقریباً روی هر سیستم یا پخش کننده معمول کار کند، دوربین های H.264 احتمالاً هنوز راهی برای پیشبرد هدفتان هستند.
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The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Opera.
I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with browser compatibility
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